छापा तथा रेडियो,टेलिभिजन भन्दा अनलाईन अग्रणी छ

निर्मलमणि अधिकारी    

निर्मलमणि अधिकारी भाषा तथा आमसञ्चार विभाग, काठमाडौँ विश्वविद्यालयमा प्राध्यापन गर्नुहुन्छ । अधिकारीका दुई दर्जन भन्दा बढी पुस्तक–कृतिहरूकासाथै दर्जनौँ अनुसन्धान एवं सयौँ विश्लेषणात्मक लेखहरू प्रकाशित भइसकेका छन् । विगतमा उहाँ अनलाइन न्यूजपोर्टल र विभिन्न पत्रपत्रिकाका सम्पादक, विभिन्न अनुसन्धान परियोजनाका निर्देशक एवम् मदन भण्डारी मेमोरियल कलेज, काठमाडौंमा पत्रकारिता विभागका प्रमुख रहिसक्नु भएको छ । अधिकारीद्वारा प्रतिपादित सञ्चारको साधारणीकरण ढाँचा
 (Sadharanikaran Model of Communication) लाई सञ्चारविज्ञानको गहन उपलब्धिका रूपमा स्वीकार गर्दै देश–विदेशका विभिन्न विश्वविद्यालयहरूमा अध्ययन÷अध्यापन गरिन्छ । प्रस्तुत छ उहाँसँग गरिएको एक अन्तर्वार्ता ः 

n tkfO{F cfd;~rf/ / kqsfl/tf ljwfsf] k|fWofkg, cg';Gwfg tyf n]vg cflb If]qdf x'g'x'G5 . o;/L km/s–km/s e"ldsfnfO{ plQs} ;kmntfk"j{s lgjf{x ug{ ;Ifd x'g'sf] /x:o s] xf] <

œ k|fWofkg, cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ug'{ / n]Vg' Ps–cfk;df 

cGt;{DalGwt sfd x'g\ . cWoog, cg';Gwfg / n]vgdf k|j[Q x'g] JolQm dfq ljZjljBfno tyf sn]hh:tf pRr txdf k|fWofkg ug{ of]Uo x'G5 . k|fWofkgnfO{ k];fsf ?kdf cjnDag u/]sf JolQmn] klg cWoog, cg';Gwfg / n]vgnfO{ k6Ss} k|fyldstf glbg' t ljs[lt xf] . o; k[i7e"ldnfO{ Vofn /fVbf d}n] cfkm\gf] k];fut wd{ lgjf{x ug]{ k|oTg u/]sf] xf] eGg' g} tkfO{Fsf] lh1f;fsf] pko'Qm hjfkm xf] . yk s'/f s] klg xf] eg] kqsfl/tfdf ;Dkfbsh:tf] dflyNnf] lhDd]jf/L, ax'/fli6«o cg';Gwfg Ph]G;Lsf] hflu/ Pj+ /fi6«;+3Lo Ph]G;Lsf cfsif{s cj;/nfO{;d]t 5f]8]/ k|fl1s cWoog, cg';Gwfg, k|fWofkg Pj+ k|sfzgdf d}n] cfkm\gf]  phf{ nufO/x]sf] x'gfn] tkfO{Fn] eg]h:tf] cj:yf ag]sf] xf] . o;df s'g} To:tf] 7"nf] /x:o 5}g, cfkm\gf] sd{df ultzLn ag]sf] x"F .  d]/f] b[li6laGb'af6 x]bf{ oL ;a} d]/f sd{ x'g\, To;}n] p:t} x'g\ .

n cfd;~rf/ / kqsfl/tf ljwfdf tkfO{Fsf k':tsx? cToGt ?rfOPsf] b]lvG5 . ltgsf ;fy} cGo ljifodf klg tkfO{Fsf] snd rn]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af/] s]xL atfOlbg' x'G5 ls .

œ n]vgsf] If]qdf d]/f] k|j]z ;flxToaf6 ePsf] xf] . ;doqmddf kqsfl/tfdf ;+nUg /xL ;dfrf/ l/kf]l6{ª\ tyf ;Dkfbg ug]{ pQ/bfloTj jxg ul/of] . :tDesf/sf x}l;otdfrflxF d]/f] n]vgsf] k|d'v If]q ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s Pj+ bfz{lgs lrGtg–dgg /x\of] . To;}n] d]/f sltko k':tsx? ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt, bz{g cflb ljwfdf /x]sf 5g\ . ;+VofTds lx;fan] ;a}eGbf a9LrflxF cfd;~rf/ / kqsfl/tf;DaGwL k':ts k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf jif{x?df d}n] k':ts n]Vg] sfdnfO{ :ylut u/L cg';Gwfg ug]{ / cg';GwfgfTds n]v n]Vg] sfddf a9L hf]8 lbPsf] 5' .

n tkfO{Fsf y'k|} k':tsdWo] ;a}eGbf ;kmn k':ts s'gnfO{ dfGg' x'G5 <

œ ahf/sf] dfkb08cg';f/ eGg] xf] eg] cfd;~rf/ / kqsfl/tf g} ;a}eGbf ;kmn k':ts xf] . of] k':tssf] klxnf] ;+:s/0f lj=;+= @)^) df k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] / lj=;+= @)^^ df kfFrf}F ;+:s/0f k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . 5}6f}F ;+:s/0fsf nflu cg'/f]w cfO;s]sf] eP tfklg cGo sfo{Jo:ttfsf sf/0fn] otflt/ nfUg kfPsf] 5}gF . k'gd'{b|0fnfO{;d]t lx;fa ubf{ of] w]/} g} laqmL ePsf] k':ts xf] . rrf{sf lx;fan] eGg] xf] eg] cf:yfsf] zflGt–o'4 -lj=;+= @)%&_ n] /fli6«o;fy} cGt/f{li6«o rrf{ kfof] .

n tkfO{F o; If]qdf slxn]b]lv nfUg'ePsf] xf] <

œ tkfO{Fn] æo; If]qÆ eg]/ s]nfO{ hgfpg vf]Hg' ePsf] xf], To;cg';f/ d}n] km/s–km/s ;donfO{ ;Demg' kg]{ x'G5 . n]vg÷k|sfzgsf] If]q xf] eg] d]/f /rgf jf n]vf]6x? lj=;+= @)$^ ;fnaf6} k|sflzt x'g yfn]sf lyP . kqsfl/tf If]qdf d]/f] k|ToIf k|j]z lj=;+= @)%@ ;fndf ePsf] xf] . kf]v/faf6 k|sfzg x'g] Ps b}lgs cvaf/sf] ;Djfbbftfsf x}l;otdf d}n] kqsfl/tf cf/De u/]sf] lyPF . d]/f] klxnf] k':ts lj=;+= @)%# ;fndf k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . cfd;~rf/ / kqsfl/tfsf] cf}krfl/s cWoog d}n] lj=;+= @)%* b]lv u/]sf] x"F . o; ljifodf g]kfnd} :gftsf]Q/ txsf] k9fO ;'? x'Fbf klxnf] ;d"xd} egf{ eO{ kl9of] / d}n] lj=;+= @)%(—@)^) b]lv cfd;~rf/ / kqsfl/tfsf] k|lzIf0f÷lzIf0f÷k|fWofkg  ;'? u/]sf] x"F .

n cgnfOg kqsfl/tfsf] If]qdf tkfO{Fsf] ;+nUgtfsf] ;'?jft slxn] / sxFfaf6 ePsf] lyof] <

œ lj=;+= @)%@ df kqsfl/tfdf k|j]z u/]kl5 d lj=;+= @)^! sf] k"jf{4{;Dd d'Votof 5fkf dfWoddf ;+nUg /x]F . To;kl5 g} xf] cgnfOg kqsfl/tfdf d]/f] ;+nUgtf ePsf] . cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf s]Gb| -OG;]s_ åf/f ;~rflnt låefifL Go"hkf]6{n OG;]scgnfOgsf] ;Dkfbssf x}l;otdf d sl/a b'O{ jif{ sfo{/t /x]F . cgnfOg kqsfl/tf ;'? u/]nuQ} AnluËdf klg d ;lqmo /x]F .

n sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnodf tkfO{F ;~rf/ l;4fGt, ldl8of cg';Gwfg, kqsfl/tf, ldl8of gLltzf:q cflbsf ;fy} cgnfOg ldl8of klg k9fpg' x'G5 . cg]sf}F ljifox?dWo]af6 cgnfOg ldl8ofnfO{ /f]Hg'sf] sf/0f s] xf]nf <

œ k9fpg ;lsg] ljifox?sf] 7"nf] ;"rLaf6 kfFr–5j6f ljifox? 5gf]6 ug'{ Tolt ;lhnf] x'Fb}g . ljutdf cgnfOg ldl8ofdf sfd ul/;s]sf] Pjd\ o;af/] cf}krfl/s cWoog u/]sf] h:tf sf/0fn] g} of] ljifo k9fOPsf] xf]nf . ;fy}, tkfO{Fn] pNn]v u/]sf ;~rf/ l;4fGt, ldl8of cg';Gwfg, kqsfl/tf, ldl8of gLltzf:q h:t} of] ljifok|lt klg d]/f] uxg ?lr /xg' klg Ps k|d'v sf/0f xf] g} .

n cgnfOg kqsfl/tfsf] pkof]lutfaf/] oxfFsf] wf/0ff s] 5 <

œ kqsfl/tfsf] Ps ljz]iftf s] 5 eg] s'g} klg j}1flgs Pj+ k|fljlws ljsf;nfO{ o;n] zL3| cËLsf/ ub{5 / ablnFbf] kl/l:yltcg'?k cfkm"nfO{ cg's"n t'NofOxfN5 . To;}n] t 5kfO k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu} cufl8 a9]sf] kqsfl/tfn] /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, OG6/g]6 h:tf k|ljlwx? cfpgf;fy ltgnfO{ cËLsf/ ug{ / gofF–gofF :j?kdf ljsl;t x'g ;kmn eof] . 5fkf, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg jf cgnfOg h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 ul/P klg kqsfl/tfsf] cfwf/e"t s'/f pxL xf] . pknAw dfWod jf k|ljlwnfO{ ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0fsf] nflu ;b'kof]u ug'{ g} ufF7L s'/f xf] . o; k[i7e"lddf cgnfOg h:tf] k|ljlwnfO{ kqsfl/tfn] cËLsf/ ug'{ :jfefljs} xf] . cgnfOg kqsfl/tfsf] pkof]lutf 5 eGg] k'li6 ug{ s'g} ts{ ug'{ kg]{ jf k|df0f cufl8 ;fl//xg' kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . of] t k|i6} 5 . ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf gofF cfofdx? s;/L ljsf; x'Fb} hfG5g\ / s;/L cgnfOg kqsfl/tfnfO{ clwstd\ ;b'kof]u ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;jfnrflxF xfd|f] ;/f]sf/ x'g' k5{ .

n g]kfndf cem} klg clwsf+z 7fpFdf OG6/g]6 ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf cgnfOg kqsfl/tfsf] ;Defjgf sltsf] 5 <

œ ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;af6 nfeflGjt x'g ;a}n] ;dfg ?kn] kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ . kx'Fr, k|of]u / pkof]lutfsf lx;fan] c;dfgtf ljBdfg 5 . ;"rgf–;DkGg / ;"rgf–ljkGgaLrsf] vf8n 68\sf/} b]lvG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df klg ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf] nx/af6 cem} klg ax';ª\Vos hgtf k/} 5g\ . o; k[i7e"lddf cgnfOg kqsfl/tfsf] ;fd'Gg]df y'k|} k|Zgx? 5g\ . t/ ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; cToGt tLj| ultdf x'Fb} u/]sf] tYonfO{ klg xfdLn] e'Ng ldNb}g . ;Defjgfsf] dfq s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] t of] cyfx ;Defjgf af]s]sf] If]q xf] . kqklqsf, /]l8of] tyf 6]lnlehg dfWodaf6 ul/g] kqsfl/tfsf nflu nfUg] vr{sf] dfqf b[li6ut ubf{ t g]kfnh:tf] b]zsf nflu cgnfOg kqsfl/tfsf] pkfb]otf emg\ a9L 5 eGg' kg]{ x'G5 . 

n g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;dodf cgnfOg kqsfl/tfn] s:tf] e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 <

œ g]kfns} ;Gbe{df s]lGb|t eP/ s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] of] ev{/}h;f] pbfpFb} u/]sf] If]q xf] . cjZo g} clxn] klg 5fkf kqsfl/tf tyf /]l8of]÷6]lnlehg kqsfl/tfsf t'ngfdf cgnfOg kqsfl/tfsf] hg–kx'Fr tyf Jofj;flos e"ldsf sd} 5 . clxn];Ddsf] cj:yfdf of] cu|0fL alg;s]sf] l:ylt xf]Og . oBlk o;n] cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt uxlsnf] ePsf] k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5 . g]kfneGbf aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt;d]t ljrf/ ug]{ xf] eg] ;+;f/el/ 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnL ;d'bfon] cgnfOg kqsfl/tfnfO{ ;xh ?kdf cËLsf/ ul//x]sf] 5 / o; kIfdf 5fkf tyf /]l8of]÷6]lnlehgeGbf cgnfOg g} cu|0fL 5 .

n o;n] ;dfh / hgtfsf nflu slt kmfObf k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 <

œ o:t} k|Zg cGo cfd;~rf/dfWodsf kl/k|]Iodf klg ug{ ;lsG5 . k|ljlw jf dfWod cfkm}Fn] s;}nfO{ kmfObf jf a]kmfObf k'¥ofpg] xf]Og . k|To't ltgnfO{ xfdLn] s;/L k|of]u u5f}{F eGg] s'/f k|d'v xf] . cgnfOg kqsfl/tfnfO{ s;/L ;dfh / hgtfsf lxtdf clwstd\ ;b'kof]u ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] lrGtg–dgg / of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjg xfd|f] k|fyldstfdf kg'{ k5{ .

n k|;Ë abnf}FÙ tkfO{Fn] k|ltkfbg ug'{ePsf] ;~rf/sf] ;fwf/0fLs/0f 9fFrf (Sadharanikaran Model of Communication) nfO{ s;/L kl/eflift ug'{ x'G5 <

œ ;~rf/k|lqmofnfO{ lxGb" ljZjb[li6sf]0faf6 ul/Psf] ;}4flGts/0fsf] lrqdo k|:t'lt g} ;fwf/0fLs/0f 9fFrf xf] . o;n] lxGb" ;dfhdf ;~rf/k|lqmof s;/L Jojxfl/t x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ k|:t't ub{5 . o;n] lxGb" ;dfhdf ;x[botfsf nflu ;~rf/ eGg] dfGotf /x]sf] k|i6\ofpF5 . 

n of] 9fFrf k|ltkfbg ul/g'sf] k[i7e"ldaf/] k|i6\ofOlbg' x'G5 ls Û

œ klZrdf ;Gbe{df ;~rf/sf] ;}4flGts cWoog u/L l;4fGt / 9fFrfx? lgdf{0f ug]{ nx/ g} rn]sfn] w]/}j6f ;~rf/9fFrfx? agfPsf 5g\ . xfd|f]df eg] klxnf]kN6 lj=;+= @)^) -;g\ @))#_ df of] 9fFrf k|:t't ul/Psf] xf] . cfd;~rf/ / kqsfl/tf ljifodf Pd=P= sf] zf]wkqdfkm{t\ d}n] ;fwf/0fLs/0f 9fFrf (SMC) k|:t't u/]sf] lyPF . k|frLg ;fwf/0fLs/0f l;4fGtnfO{ ;~rf/ cWoogsf ;Gbe{df cyf{kg ub}{ Pj+ e/td'lgsf] gf6\ozf:q / et[{xl/sf] jfSokbLo sf cfwf/df o;sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] . u}/klZrdf ;+:s[ltnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{ klxnf] ;~rf/9fFrf x'g] uf}/j o;n] kfPsf] 5 .

n cfd;~rf/ / kqsfl/tfsf] cWoogsf If]qdf g]kfnsf] cj:yfnfO{ ljZjsf] cj:yf;Fu s;/L t'ngf ug'{x'G5 <

œ ;~rf/ tyf kqsfl/tfsf] cWoog ljZjsf ljleGg b]zdf ljleGg lsl;d;Fu eO/x]sf] 5 . ;+:s[lt, dfgj ;+;fwg tyf ef}lts ;+/rgfTds ljsf;, oL cg]s kIfdf /x]sf] ljljwtfsf sf/0fn] ubf{ km/s km/s 7fpFdf km/s km/s cj:yf x'g' :jfefljs klg xf] . s]xL ;dootf xfdLn] o; ljwfdf lgSs} k|ult u/]sf 5f}F eGg lxlRsrfpg' kb}{g, t/ ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s b'j} kf6fdf xfdLn] ug{ afFsL sfd cem} w]/} 5g\ .

n g]kfndf ;~rf/ tyf kqsfl/tfsf] cWoognfO{ ljsf; ug{sf nflu s] ug'{ knf{ <

œ ;}4flGts cWoogs} ;Gbe{df s]lGb|t eP/ eGg'kbf{, lat]sf w]/} jif{ g]kfndf klZrdf l;4fGtx?sf] cGwfg's/0f dfq ug]{vfnsf] k|j[lQ b]lvPsf] lyof] . xfnsf jif{x?df To:tf] k|j[lQdfly k|Zg p7fpg yflnPsf] 5 . t/ k|Zg dfq p7fP/ k'Ub}g, j}slNks 1fg k|0ffnL klg ljsf; ug{ ;Sg' k5{ . g]kfndf j}lZjs / :yflgs b'j} 1fgnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L …Unf]snÚ (Glocal) cWoog k4ltnfO{ k|a4{g ug'{ k5{ eGg] d]/f] dfGotf xf] .